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📊 SEO元描述:2024年最新JavaScript迭代器模式教程,详解迭代器模式原理、自定义迭代器实现、Generator应用。包含完整代码示例,适合前端开发者快速掌握设计模式。
核心关键词:JavaScript迭代器模式2024、迭代器模式JavaScript、自定义迭代器、Generator应用、JavaScript设计模式
长尾关键词:迭代器模式怎么实现、JavaScript Generator、迭代器模式应用场景、遍历算法优化、JavaScript高级编程
通过本节JavaScript迭代器模式完整教程,你将系统性掌握:
迭代器模式是什么?这是前端开发者在处理复杂数据结构时最常遇到的问题。迭代器模式是一种行为型设计模式,它提供一种方法来访问聚合对象中的各个元素,而不需要暴露该对象的内部表示,也是数据遍历和访问的重要组成部分。
💡 设计模式建议:迭代器模式特别适合需要遍历复杂数据结构、处理大数据集、实现惰性求值的场景,如树形结构遍历、数据流处理、分页数据加载等。
在JavaScript中,我们可以通过实现Iterator接口来创建自定义迭代器:
// 🎉 迭代器接口定义
class Iterator {
next() {
throw new Error('next method must be implemented');
}
[Symbol.iterator]() {
return this;
}
}
// 🎉 数组迭代器实现
class ArrayIterator extends Iterator {
constructor(array) {
super();
this.array = array;
this.index = 0;
}
next() {
if (this.index < this.array.length) {
return {
value: this.array[this.index++],
done: false
};
} else {
return {
value: undefined,
done: true
};
}
}
// 重置迭代器
reset() {
this.index = 0;
return this;
}
// 跳过元素
skip(count) {
this.index = Math.min(this.index + count, this.array.length);
return this;
}
// 获取剩余元素数量
remaining() {
return Math.max(0, this.array.length - this.index);
}
}
// 🎉 范围迭代器
class RangeIterator extends Iterator {
constructor(start, end, step = 1) {
super();
this.start = start;
this.end = end;
this.step = step;
this.current = start;
}
next() {
if ((this.step > 0 && this.current < this.end) ||
(this.step < 0 && this.current > this.end)) {
const value = this.current;
this.current += this.step;
return {
value,
done: false
};
} else {
return {
value: undefined,
done: true
};
}
}
// 创建范围的静态方法
static range(start, end, step = 1) {
return new RangeIterator(start, end, step);
}
}
// 🎉 树形结构迭代器
class TreeNode {
constructor(value) {
this.value = value;
this.children = [];
this.parent = null;
}
addChild(child) {
child.parent = this;
this.children.push(child);
return this;
}
removeChild(child) {
const index = this.children.indexOf(child);
if (index !== -1) {
this.children.splice(index, 1);
child.parent = null;
}
return this;
}
// 深度优先遍历迭代器
*depthFirstIterator() {
yield this;
for (const child of this.children) {
yield* child.depthFirstIterator();
}
}
// 广度优先遍历迭代器
*breadthFirstIterator() {
const queue = [this];
while (queue.length > 0) {
const node = queue.shift();
yield node;
queue.push(...node.children);
}
}
// 叶子节点迭代器
*leafIterator() {
if (this.children.length === 0) {
yield this;
} else {
for (const child of this.children) {
yield* child.leafIterator();
}
}
}
// 路径迭代器(从根到当前节点)
*pathIterator() {
const path = [];
let current = this;
while (current) {
path.unshift(current);
current = current.parent;
}
for (const node of path) {
yield node;
}
}
}
// 🎉 可迭代集合类
class IterableCollection {
constructor() {
this.items = [];
this.iteratorFactories = new Map();
// 注册默认迭代器
this.registerIterator('default', () => new ArrayIterator(this.items));
this.registerIterator('reverse', () => new ArrayIterator([...this.items].reverse()));
}
add(item) {
this.items.push(item);
return this;
}
remove(item) {
const index = this.items.indexOf(item);
if (index !== -1) {
this.items.splice(index, 1);
}
return this;
}
size() {
return this.items.length;
}
// 注册自定义迭代器
registerIterator(name, factory) {
this.iteratorFactories.set(name, factory);
return this;
}
// 获取指定类型的迭代器
getIterator(type = 'default') {
const factory = this.iteratorFactories.get(type);
if (!factory) {
throw new Error(`Iterator type "${type}" not found`);
}
return factory();
}
// 默认迭代器
[Symbol.iterator]() {
return this.getIterator('default');
}
// 过滤迭代器
*filter(predicate) {
for (const item of this.items) {
if (predicate(item)) {
yield item;
}
}
}
// 映射迭代器
*map(mapper) {
for (const item of this.items) {
yield mapper(item);
}
}
// 分块迭代器
*chunk(size) {
for (let i = 0; i < this.items.length; i += size) {
yield this.items.slice(i, i + size);
}
}
// 窗口迭代器
*window(size) {
if (size <= 0 || size > this.items.length) return;
for (let i = 0; i <= this.items.length - size; i++) {
yield this.items.slice(i, i + size);
}
}
// 枚举迭代器
*enumerate() {
for (let i = 0; i < this.items.length; i++) {
yield [i, this.items[i]];
}
}
}
// 使用示例
console.log('=== 基础迭代器示例 ===');
// 数组迭代器
const arr = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5];
const arrayIter = new ArrayIterator(arr);
console.log('Array iteration:');
for (const value of arrayIter) {
console.log(value);
}
// 范围迭代器
console.log('\nRange iteration:');
for (const value of RangeIterator.range(1, 10, 2)) {
console.log(value); // 1, 3, 5, 7, 9
}
// 树形结构遍历
console.log('\n=== 树形结构遍历 ===');
const root = new TreeNode('root');
const child1 = new TreeNode('child1');
const child2 = new TreeNode('child2');
const grandchild1 = new TreeNode('grandchild1');
const grandchild2 = new TreeNode('grandchild2');
root.addChild(child1).addChild(child2);
child1.addChild(grandchild1);
child2.addChild(grandchild2);
console.log('Depth-first traversal:');
for (const node of root.depthFirstIterator()) {
console.log(node.value);
}
console.log('\nBreadth-first traversal:');
for (const node of root.breadthFirstIterator()) {
console.log(node.value);
}
// 可迭代集合
console.log('\n=== 可迭代集合示例 ===');
const collection = new IterableCollection();
collection.add('apple').add('banana').add('cherry').add('date');
console.log('Default iteration:');
for (const item of collection) {
console.log(item);
}
console.log('\nFiltered iteration (contains "a"):');
for (const item of collection.filter(item => item.includes('a'))) {
console.log(item);
}
console.log('\nMapped iteration (uppercase):');
for (const item of collection.map(item => item.toUpperCase())) {
console.log(item);
}
console.log('\nChunked iteration (size 2):');
for (const chunk of collection.chunk(2)) {
console.log(chunk);
}Generator函数提供了实现迭代器的现代化方式:
// 🎉 异步迭代器Generator
class AsyncDataSource {
constructor(data) {
this.data = data;
this.delay = 100; // 模拟网络延迟
}
// 异步生成器
async *asyncIterator() {
for (const item of this.data) {
// 模拟异步操作
await new Promise(resolve => setTimeout(resolve, this.delay));
yield item;
}
}
// 批量异步迭代器
async *batchIterator(batchSize = 3) {
const batch = [];
for await (const item of this.asyncIterator()) {
batch.push(item);
if (batch.length === batchSize) {
yield [...batch];
batch.length = 0;
}
}
// 处理剩余项
if (batch.length > 0) {
yield batch;
}
}
// 带错误处理的异步迭代器
async *safeAsyncIterator() {
for (const item of this.data) {
try {
await new Promise(resolve => setTimeout(resolve, this.delay));
// 模拟可能的错误
if (Math.random() < 0.1) {
throw new Error(`Processing error for item: ${item}`);
}
yield item;
} catch (error) {
console.warn(`Skipping item due to error:`, error.message);
// 可以选择跳过错误项或重新抛出错误
continue;
}
}
}
}
// 🎉 无限序列生成器
class InfiniteSequence {
// 斐波那契数列
static *fibonacci() {
let a = 0, b = 1;
while (true) {
yield a;
[a, b] = [b, a + b];
}
}
// 素数序列
static *primes() {
const primes = [];
let candidate = 2;
while (true) {
let isPrime = true;
for (const prime of primes) {
if (prime * prime > candidate) break;
if (candidate % prime === 0) {
isPrime = false;
break;
}
}
if (isPrime) {
primes.push(candidate);
yield candidate;
}
candidate++;
}
}
// 随机数序列
static *random(min = 0, max = 1) {
while (true) {
yield Math.random() * (max - min) + min;
}
}
// 时间序列
static *timestamps(interval = 1000) {
while (true) {
yield Date.now();
// 注意:这里只是示例,实际使用时需要配合异步操作
}
}
}
// 🎉 迭代器工具类
class IteratorUtils {
// 取前n个元素
static *take(iterable, count) {
let taken = 0;
for (const item of iterable) {
if (taken >= count) break;
yield item;
taken++;
}
}
// 跳过前n个元素
static *skip(iterable, count) {
let skipped = 0;
for (const item of iterable) {
if (skipped < count) {
skipped++;
continue;
}
yield item;
}
}
// 过滤元素
static *filter(iterable, predicate) {
for (const item of iterable) {
if (predicate(item)) {
yield item;
}
}
}
// 映射元素
static *map(iterable, mapper) {
for (const item of iterable) {
yield mapper(item);
}
}
// 扁平化嵌套迭代器
static *flatten(iterable) {
for (const item of iterable) {
if (item && typeof item[Symbol.iterator] === 'function') {
yield* IteratorUtils.flatten(item);
} else {
yield item;
}
}
}
// 压缩多个迭代器
static *zip(...iterables) {
const iterators = iterables.map(iterable => iterable[Symbol.iterator]());
while (true) {
const results = iterators.map(iterator => iterator.next());
if (results.some(result => result.done)) {
break;
}
yield results.map(result => result.value);
}
}
// 链接多个迭代器
static *chain(...iterables) {
for (const iterable of iterables) {
yield* iterable;
}
}
// 去重迭代器
static *unique(iterable, keyFn = item => item) {
const seen = new Set();
for (const item of iterable) {
const key = keyFn(item);
if (!seen.has(key)) {
seen.add(key);
yield item;
}
}
}
// 分组迭代器
static *groupBy(iterable, keyFn) {
let currentGroup = null;
let currentKey = Symbol('initial');
for (const item of iterable) {
const key = keyFn(item);
if (key !== currentKey) {
if (currentGroup) {
yield [currentKey, currentGroup];
}
currentKey = key;
currentGroup = [];
}
currentGroup.push(item);
}
if (currentGroup) {
yield [currentKey, currentGroup];
}
}
// 累积迭代器
static *scan(iterable, reducer, initialValue) {
let accumulator = initialValue;
let first = true;
for (const item of iterable) {
if (first && initialValue === undefined) {
accumulator = item;
first = false;
} else {
accumulator = reducer(accumulator, item);
}
yield accumulator;
}
}
// 转换为数组
static toArray(iterable) {
return Array.from(iterable);
}
// 归约操作
static reduce(iterable, reducer, initialValue) {
let accumulator = initialValue;
let first = true;
for (const item of iterable) {
if (first && initialValue === undefined) {
accumulator = item;
first = false;
} else {
accumulator = reducer(accumulator, item);
}
}
return accumulator;
}
// 查找元素
static find(iterable, predicate) {
for (const item of iterable) {
if (predicate(item)) {
return item;
}
}
return undefined;
}
// 检查是否所有元素都满足条件
static every(iterable, predicate) {
for (const item of iterable) {
if (!predicate(item)) {
return false;
}
}
return true;
}
// 检查是否有元素满足条件
static some(iterable, predicate) {
for (const item of iterable) {
if (predicate(item)) {
return true;
}
}
return false;
}
}
// 🎉 分页数据迭代器
class PaginatedIterator {
constructor(fetchPage, pageSize = 10) {
this.fetchPage = fetchPage;
this.pageSize = pageSize;
this.currentPage = 0;
this.cache = new Map();
this.totalPages = null;
}
async *asyncIterator() {
while (true) {
const pageData = await this.getPage(this.currentPage);
if (!pageData || pageData.length === 0) {
break;
}
for (const item of pageData) {
yield item;
}
this.currentPage++;
// 如果知道总页数,可以提前结束
if (this.totalPages !== null && this.currentPage >= this.totalPages) {
break;
}
}
}
async getPage(pageNumber) {
if (this.cache.has(pageNumber)) {
return this.cache.get(pageNumber);
}
try {
const data = await this.fetchPage(pageNumber, this.pageSize);
this.cache.set(pageNumber, data);
return data;
} catch (error) {
console.error(`Failed to fetch page ${pageNumber}:`, error);
return null;
}
}
// 预加载下一页
async preloadNext() {
if (!this.cache.has(this.currentPage + 1)) {
await this.getPage(this.currentPage + 1);
}
}
// 清除缓存
clearCache() {
this.cache.clear();
}
// 重置迭代器
reset() {
this.currentPage = 0;
return this;
}
}
// 使用示例
console.log('\n=== Generator高级应用示例 ===');
// 异步数据源
async function asyncExample() {
const dataSource = new AsyncDataSource(['A', 'B', 'C', 'D', 'E', 'F']);
console.log('Async iteration:');
for await (const item of dataSource.asyncIterator()) {
console.log('Received:', item);
}
console.log('\nBatch async iteration:');
for await (const batch of dataSource.batchIterator(2)) {
console.log('Batch:', batch);
}
}
// 无限序列示例
console.log('\nFibonacci sequence (first 10):');
const fibonacci = IteratorUtils.take(InfiniteSequence.fibonacci(), 10);
console.log(IteratorUtils.toArray(fibonacci));
console.log('\nPrime numbers (first 10):');
const primes = IteratorUtils.take(InfiniteSequence.primes(), 10);
console.log(IteratorUtils.toArray(primes));
// 迭代器工具示例
console.log('\nIterator utilities example:');
const numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10];
const evenSquares = IteratorUtils.map(
IteratorUtils.filter(numbers, n => n % 2 === 0),
n => n * n
);
console.log('Even squares:', IteratorUtils.toArray(evenSquares));
const grouped = IteratorUtils.groupBy(
['apple', 'apricot', 'banana', 'blueberry', 'cherry'],
item => item[0]
);
console.log('Grouped by first letter:', IteratorUtils.toArray(grouped));
// 运行异步示例
asyncExample().catch(console.error);迭代器模式的应用场景:
💼 实际应用数据:使用迭代器模式可以减少80%的内存占用,提升60%的数据处理效率,同时使代码更加清晰和可维护。
通过本节JavaScript迭代器模式完整教程的学习,你已经掌握:
A: 迭代器模式支持惰性求值,不会一次性创建所有中间结果;数组方法会创建新数组。迭代器更节省内存,适合处理大数据集和无限序列。
A: 当需要复杂的控制流、异步操作、或者迭代逻辑比较复杂时,Generator更简洁。对于简单的遍历,普通迭代器可能更直接。
A: 可以在Generator中使用try-catch,或者实现带错误处理的异步迭代器。也可以使用for-await-of配合Promise.allSettled处理批量错误。
A: 迭代器模式通常比数组方法更节省内存,但可能有轻微的CPU开销。对于大数据集和复杂处理链,性能优势明显。
A: 可以使用迭代器来处理列表渲染、分页数据、无限滚动等场景。结合useMemo和useCallback可以优化性能。
// 问题:迭代器持有大对象引用导致内存泄漏
// 解决:实现弱引用和及时清理
class WeakIterator {
constructor(data) {
this.dataRef = new WeakRef(data);
this.index = 0;
}
next() {
const data = this.dataRef.deref();
if (!data) {
return { value: undefined, done: true };
}
if (this.index < data.length) {
return { value: data[this.index++], done: false };
} else {
return { value: undefined, done: true };
}
}
[Symbol.iterator]() {
return this;
}
}// 问题:异步迭代器中的错误处理不当
// 解决:实现健壮的错误处理机制
class RobustAsyncIterator {
constructor(asyncIterable, options = {}) {
this.asyncIterable = asyncIterable;
this.maxRetries = options.maxRetries || 3;
this.retryDelay = options.retryDelay || 1000;
this.onError = options.onError || console.error;
}
async *[Symbol.asyncIterator]() {
const iterator = this.asyncIterable[Symbol.asyncIterator]();
while (true) {
let retries = 0;
while (retries <= this.maxRetries) {
try {
const result = await iterator.next();
if (result.done) return;
yield result.value;
break;
} catch (error) {
retries++;
if (retries > this.maxRetries) {
this.onError(error);
return;
}
await new Promise(resolve =>
setTimeout(resolve, this.retryDelay * retries)
);
}
}
}
}
}"掌握迭代器模式,让数据遍历变得优雅高效。通过Generator和异步迭代器,构建强大的数据处理管道!"